Pengertian Noun Phrase
Noun Phrase adalah frasa antara noun, pronoun, atau number (berfungsi sebagai head) dan satu atau lebih modifier.
Ilustrasi
Frasa kata benda ini digunakan ketika single nountidak cukup spesifik untuk menunjuk suatu
kata benda.
kata benda.
Contoh Noun Phrase:
Anda ingin mengatakan ke teman ada bahwa seseorang wanita yang ada dikerumunan orang-orang adalah saudara anda. Maka anda dapat mengatakan:
The fair-skinned woman with a red T-shirt and black skirt is my sister.
Basic Noun Phrase
Komponen basic noun phrase terdiri dari:
§ determiners, yaitu: pre (multiplier, fraction, distributive, intensifier, exclamative), central (article, possessive, demonstrative), dan/atau post-determiner (number, quantifier).
§ head, yaitu: noun atau numeral/number.
Contoh basic noun phrase:
§ my bag
Keterangan: my= possessive, bag= head
§ the next page
Keterangan: the= article, next= number, page= head
Complex Noun Phrase
Komponen complex noun phrase terdiri dari:
§ Pre-modifiers, merupakan modifiers yang ditempatkan sebelum head, yaitu: determiners, adjective,adjective phrase , participle (active & passive), & kata benda lain.
§ Head, yaitu: noun, pronoun, atau number, dan/atau
§ Post-Modifiers, merupakan modifiers yang ditempatkan setelah head, yaitu: prepositional phrase,participle (active & passive), to infinite, relative cause, dan complementation.
Contoh complex noun phrase:
§ A love letter put on my bag
Keterangan: a= determiner, love= kata benda lain, letter= head, put= past participle, on my bag= prepositional phrase
§ The rich in the world who cares with the poor
Keterangan: the= determiner, rich= adjective, in the world= prepositional phrase, who cares with the poor= relative clause
Some examples of noun phrases are underlined in the sentences below. The head noun appears in bold.
The election year politics are annoying for many people.
Almost every sentence contains at least one noun phrase.
Current economic weakness may be a result of high energy prices.
Noun phrases can be identified by the possibility of pronoun substitution, as is illustrated in the examples below.
a. This sentence contains two noun phrases.
b. It contains them.
a. The subject noun phrase that is present in this sentence is long.
b. It is long.
a. Noun phrases can be embedded in other noun phrases.
b. They can be embedded in them.
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS
A count noun is something we can count. It has a singular form and a plural form.
ex: one book, three books; a leg, two legs; an apple, six apples;
N.B. A singular count noun must have a Determiner .
A non-count noun is something we don’t count. It has no plural form.
We use quantifiers before non-count nouns:
ex: fruit, some fruit; bread, a slice of bread; homework; a lot of homework; information, a little information
The following are non-count nouns:
Abstract nouns:
| advice art beauty confidence courage crime education enjoyment experience fun grammar happiness education hate | health help homework honesty hospitality importance information intelligence justice knowledge laughter life love luck | music news noise nutrition patience patience pride progress slang time truth unemployment vocabulary work |
Groups with individual parts
| cash change clothing equipment food fruit furniture garbage | hardware homework jewelry junk junk luggage machinery mail | makeup money news postage research scenery slang traffic |
Things with no definite form:
| Liquids beer blood coffee cream gasoline honey juice milk oil shampoo soup tea water wine | Gases air carbon monoxide fire fog hydrogen oxygen pollution smoke steam | Solids butter cheese cotton film flour glass ice ice cream meat powder salt soap sugar toothpaste wood wool |
Things that have tiny parts too small to count
| corn dirt dust | grass hair rice | salt sugar wheat |
Natural phenomena
| darkness dew electricity fire fog gravity | heat humidity light lightning rain | snow sunshine thunder weather wind |
Ailments
| cancer cholera flu | heart disease malaria polio | smallpox strep throat |
Academic subjects
| art biology chemistry economics engineering | history linguistics literature mathematics | music physics poetry psychology science |
Languages
Russian, Spanish, French, etc.
Words that can be count and non-count
| Food (non-count) chicken lamb liver fish | Animal or animal part (count) a chicken a lamb a liver a fish |
| non-count wine food fruit meat education experience | count (means "a kind of ___") a wine, wines a food, foods a fruit, fruits a meat, meats an education an experience |
| non-count glass (the material) paper (the material) iron (the metal) fire (the gas) time (an abstract idea) | count a glass (something to put liquid in) a paper (a report or newspaper) an iron (for pressing clothes) a fire (one specific occurrence of fire) a time, times (a specific occurrence or period) |
| Articles: a/an (indefinite) the (definite) Demonstratives: this that these those | Possessives: my our yours their her his its | Quantifiers: some a few lots of several each every any most many all much no |
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